hawkmanweapons
Friday, June 10, 2005
Monday, June 06, 2005
The Early Legion of Superheroes
The first appearance of the Legion was in Adventure #247, April 1958. Superboy is startled when several young people reveal that they know his secret identity. It turns out that they are superheroes from the future who have traveled back to Smallville to visit history's greatest hero.
They offer to induct him into their club, but insist that he pass a test first. The test is to defeat any of the three members of the Legion in a contest of heroic deeds. Unfortunately, every time Superboy gets ready to compete, his abilities are needed elsewhere, so he loses every contest. The Legion members regretfully inform him that he has been rejected. Despite being devastated, Superboy says, "No hard feelings", and turns to leave. Fortunately for him this was the last test. It turns out that the Legion members had caused the incidents requiring Superboy's attention to see if he would do his duty first before pursuing the honor of being inducted into the club. Very similar ending to #240, where Jor-El sends a robot to Earth to test Superboy's abilities. At the end of that story, the robot tells Superboy he has failed and must agree never to use his powers again. Superboy agrees at which point the robot reveals that was the final test. In this first story, there are only three named members of the Legion (Cosmic Boy, Saturn Girl, and Lightning Boy, whose name would later be changed to Lightning Lad), although Brainiac 5 obviously appears on pages 5 and 11 of the story.
In Adventure #267 the Legion returns. This time they interrupt Superboy's efforts to do good deeds and quickly turn Smallville against him. He leaves for space, but finds himself trapped by the Legion on a word devoted to Superboy's heroism. It turns out the Legion has seen pictures of the "future" which indicate he will go bad and destroy US military installations in five years. Interestingly, there is no real discussion of the propriety of "preventive detention". In the end, it turns out that the reason for the destruction was at the orders of the US President.
In Action #267, Saturn Girl, Lightning Lad and Cosmic Boy appear again, this time meeting Supergirl (whose very existence was unknown at the time). This is the first time they appear in the costumes that they will wear for the rest of the Silver Age. Saturn Girl had worn a green and yellow outfit in Adventure #247 and had brown hair in Adventure #267, while Cosmic Boy had a purple outfit in the latter issue instead of the pink duds he wore later. Oddly, the Legion members claim to be the children of the Legion members who had appeared in the earlier stories, although this notion quickly went by the wayside. In several places this story is a rehash of the Adventure #247 story, with Supergirl expressing delight and surprise at the exact same things that her cousin had a few years earlier.
This is the first official appearance for Legion members Colossal Boy, Chameleon Boy and Invisible Kid. Unfortunately for Supergirl, when she performs her initiation feat, she passes too close to a chunk of red Kryptonite, which turns her temporarily into an adult and thus makes her ineligible for the teen-aged Legion.
They offer to induct him into their club, but insist that he pass a test first. The test is to defeat any of the three members of the Legion in a contest of heroic deeds. Unfortunately, every time Superboy gets ready to compete, his abilities are needed elsewhere, so he loses every contest. The Legion members regretfully inform him that he has been rejected. Despite being devastated, Superboy says, "No hard feelings", and turns to leave. Fortunately for him this was the last test. It turns out that the Legion members had caused the incidents requiring Superboy's attention to see if he would do his duty first before pursuing the honor of being inducted into the club. Very similar ending to #240, where Jor-El sends a robot to Earth to test Superboy's abilities. At the end of that story, the robot tells Superboy he has failed and must agree never to use his powers again. Superboy agrees at which point the robot reveals that was the final test. In this first story, there are only three named members of the Legion (Cosmic Boy, Saturn Girl, and Lightning Boy, whose name would later be changed to Lightning Lad), although Brainiac 5 obviously appears on pages 5 and 11 of the story.
In Adventure #267 the Legion returns. This time they interrupt Superboy's efforts to do good deeds and quickly turn Smallville against him. He leaves for space, but finds himself trapped by the Legion on a word devoted to Superboy's heroism. It turns out the Legion has seen pictures of the "future" which indicate he will go bad and destroy US military installations in five years. Interestingly, there is no real discussion of the propriety of "preventive detention". In the end, it turns out that the reason for the destruction was at the orders of the US President.
In Action #267, Saturn Girl, Lightning Lad and Cosmic Boy appear again, this time meeting Supergirl (whose very existence was unknown at the time). This is the first time they appear in the costumes that they will wear for the rest of the Silver Age. Saturn Girl had worn a green and yellow outfit in Adventure #247 and had brown hair in Adventure #267, while Cosmic Boy had a purple outfit in the latter issue instead of the pink duds he wore later. Oddly, the Legion members claim to be the children of the Legion members who had appeared in the earlier stories, although this notion quickly went by the wayside. In several places this story is a rehash of the Adventure #247 story, with Supergirl expressing delight and surprise at the exact same things that her cousin had a few years earlier.
This is the first official appearance for Legion members Colossal Boy, Chameleon Boy and Invisible Kid. Unfortunately for Supergirl, when she performs her initiation feat, she passes too close to a chunk of red Kryptonite, which turns her temporarily into an adult and thus makes her ineligible for the teen-aged Legion.
Sunday, June 05, 2005
Good Article on Ditko
It's in Salon, so you have to put up with an ad to read the whole thing, but it's worth the effort.
Sixties hipsters thought that Ditko's urban realism and trippy visions meant that he was one of them. They couldn't have been much more wrong. Around the time that Ditko fell out with Marvel Comics in 1966, he became fascinated with Ayn Rand and objectivism, and his work started to take on a severe and increasingly strident right-wing tone.
Not sure how old Douglas Wolk is, but he's probably not remembering how left-wing everything seemed to be getting in America in the late-1960s. Ditko's comics were indeed a little strident, but they were a lone voice of sanity in a youth culture that was increasingly flirting with communism, moral relativism and nihilism. I have some scans of Ditko's work in this period including the terrific Blue Beetle issue that might as well be a primer for the works of Ayn Rand.
Sixties hipsters thought that Ditko's urban realism and trippy visions meant that he was one of them. They couldn't have been much more wrong. Around the time that Ditko fell out with Marvel Comics in 1966, he became fascinated with Ayn Rand and objectivism, and his work started to take on a severe and increasingly strident right-wing tone.
Not sure how old Douglas Wolk is, but he's probably not remembering how left-wing everything seemed to be getting in America in the late-1960s. Ditko's comics were indeed a little strident, but they were a lone voice of sanity in a youth culture that was increasingly flirting with communism, moral relativism and nihilism. I have some scans of Ditko's work in this period including the terrific Blue Beetle issue that might as well be a primer for the works of Ayn Rand.
Monday, May 30, 2005
Problems with the Silver Age Superboy
Originally there was no Superboy. Clark Kent's childhood was not discussed in any great detail in Action Comics #1, with only one panel showing the infant's strength to the amazed doctors in the orphanage.
But in More Fun Comics #101, (Jan/Feb 1945), DC decided to start telling the back story of Superman as a boy. After a brief run, the series shifted over to Adventure Comics, where it settled in for over 15 years as the cover feature. A few years after that, Superboy was given his own magazine as well, which lasted even longer.
It turned out (impossibly) that Superboy had been world famous himself. Impossibly, because of course in the early Superman stories he was a man of mystery whom nobody had ever seen before. Now we were being told that schoolchildren around the world knew his name. But this was only the beginning of the tangled knot.
Over the years, DC had developed many familiar situations for Superman. For example, he would often be faced with the problem of appearing as Superman and Clark Kent at the same time. In the late 1950s, obviously inspired by science fiction of the time, he invented robots that could take either of his places. Naturally there was a tendency to backdate this into the Superboy stories, regardless of whether it made sense, given the era in which the Superboy stories were supposedly occuring. If Superman's in 1955, then Superboy is in the early 1940s, certainly no later than 1945.
Similarly, DC "grandchilded" into the Superboy stories some of his later friends and enemies. Lex Luthor was a buddy of Superboy as a teen and only turned bitter when an experiment gone awry resulted in him losing all his hair. Master Mxyzptlk popped up in Superboy #78 (Jan 1960). Both these stories of course contradicted the original appearances of those villains in Superman stories.
More serious problems developed as a result of time travel. Time travel is always an interesting plot device and you will note that most of the DC heroes of the Silver Age had one method or another of traveling through time. Batman could be hypnotized by Professor Nichols, the Flash had his cosmic treadmill, the Atom his time pool, Superman could fly in circles, and for the rest of the DC crew there were the ubiquitous glass bubbles.
In Adventure #247, DC introduced the Legion of Superheroes, a future group of do-gooders who invited Superboy to join them. So far so good. But later on in Action #252, they decided to create Supergirl, a young cousin of Superman who survived the explosion of Krypton. Naturally she had to join the Legion of Superheroes as well. Which meant that in the future, Superboy and Supergirl would team up. But why then had Superman acted surprised when his cousin arrived; wouldn't he have known since his teen years that Supergirl would come to this planet? The editors quickly explained that Saturn Girl placed a post-hypnotic suggestion in Superboy's mind that resulted in him forgetting about Supergirl when he was in the past.
A further error was made in Adventure #253, when Robin comes back in time to save Superboy from a booby-trapped clock. He tells Superboy of his future, including his teamups with Batman. Again, these stories are wildly contradicted by earlier tales.
But in More Fun Comics #101, (Jan/Feb 1945), DC decided to start telling the back story of Superman as a boy. After a brief run, the series shifted over to Adventure Comics, where it settled in for over 15 years as the cover feature. A few years after that, Superboy was given his own magazine as well, which lasted even longer.
It turned out (impossibly) that Superboy had been world famous himself. Impossibly, because of course in the early Superman stories he was a man of mystery whom nobody had ever seen before. Now we were being told that schoolchildren around the world knew his name. But this was only the beginning of the tangled knot.
Over the years, DC had developed many familiar situations for Superman. For example, he would often be faced with the problem of appearing as Superman and Clark Kent at the same time. In the late 1950s, obviously inspired by science fiction of the time, he invented robots that could take either of his places. Naturally there was a tendency to backdate this into the Superboy stories, regardless of whether it made sense, given the era in which the Superboy stories were supposedly occuring. If Superman's in 1955, then Superboy is in the early 1940s, certainly no later than 1945.
Similarly, DC "grandchilded" into the Superboy stories some of his later friends and enemies. Lex Luthor was a buddy of Superboy as a teen and only turned bitter when an experiment gone awry resulted in him losing all his hair. Master Mxyzptlk popped up in Superboy #78 (Jan 1960). Both these stories of course contradicted the original appearances of those villains in Superman stories.
More serious problems developed as a result of time travel. Time travel is always an interesting plot device and you will note that most of the DC heroes of the Silver Age had one method or another of traveling through time. Batman could be hypnotized by Professor Nichols, the Flash had his cosmic treadmill, the Atom his time pool, Superman could fly in circles, and for the rest of the DC crew there were the ubiquitous glass bubbles.
In Adventure #247, DC introduced the Legion of Superheroes, a future group of do-gooders who invited Superboy to join them. So far so good. But later on in Action #252, they decided to create Supergirl, a young cousin of Superman who survived the explosion of Krypton. Naturally she had to join the Legion of Superheroes as well. Which meant that in the future, Superboy and Supergirl would team up. But why then had Superman acted surprised when his cousin arrived; wouldn't he have known since his teen years that Supergirl would come to this planet? The editors quickly explained that Saturn Girl placed a post-hypnotic suggestion in Superboy's mind that resulted in him forgetting about Supergirl when he was in the past.
A further error was made in Adventure #253, when Robin comes back in time to save Superboy from a booby-trapped clock. He tells Superboy of his future, including his teamups with Batman. Again, these stories are wildly contradicted by earlier tales.
Ferro Lad's Last Words
One of the more famous deaths in the Silver Age. Ferro Lad was the creation of Jim Shooter, then a teenaged wunderkind comic writer. As a superhero, Ferro Lad wasn't much to speak of; he could turn his body into iron. This gave him great strength and near invulnerability, but that's about it. He sacrificed himself in order to transport a bomb to the heart of the Sun-Eater.
Wednesday, May 18, 2005
Liberal Media Bias at the Daily Planet?
In October 1963, DC Comics published Lois Lane #44, which exposed the Daily Planet for the liberal rag that it is. The story "The Death of Lana Lang" starts out with Lois and Lana battling it out for the affections of Superman. Lois threatens to kill Lana. However, they apparently patch things up and fly off in a helicopter, where they reveal their true plan:
So they pretend that Lois had killed Lana, who secretly hides out on Vulture Island while the trial is on-going, and plans to rescue her friend at the last minute by coming forward to prove she had not been killed after all. Lois is indeed sentenced to death. Of course, as is almost cliche in these stories, something goes wrong (Lana has a boating accident while returning from the island and is knocked unconscious), and it looks like Lois will actually be executed. Fortunately Superman saves the day (with a little help from mermaid Lori Lemaris), and at the end, Lois and Lana celebrate as the "barbaric custom" is banned in Star City.
However, DC did not get away with it scott-free. Check out this letter to the editor, which appeared a few issues later:
I agree to a certain extent with both the editor and Mrs Burke on this one. I do think Lois' opposition to the death penalty was largely just a plot device to create an interesting story. However the bit about "most people" considering capital punishment a "barbaric custom" does seem a bit over the top.
So they pretend that Lois had killed Lana, who secretly hides out on Vulture Island while the trial is on-going, and plans to rescue her friend at the last minute by coming forward to prove she had not been killed after all. Lois is indeed sentenced to death. Of course, as is almost cliche in these stories, something goes wrong (Lana has a boating accident while returning from the island and is knocked unconscious), and it looks like Lois will actually be executed. Fortunately Superman saves the day (with a little help from mermaid Lori Lemaris), and at the end, Lois and Lana celebrate as the "barbaric custom" is banned in Star City.
However, DC did not get away with it scott-free. Check out this letter to the editor, which appeared a few issues later:
I agree to a certain extent with both the editor and Mrs Burke on this one. I do think Lois' opposition to the death penalty was largely just a plot device to create an interesting story. However the bit about "most people" considering capital punishment a "barbaric custom" does seem a bit over the top.
Tuesday, May 17, 2005
Monday, May 16, 2005
Silly SA Cover of the Day
Lousy poetry, lousy artwork and a monster that somehow fails to terrify. This is the absolute nadir of the Wonder Woman series. Although the Diana Rigg secret agent takeoff was a bit of a stretch, at least it has the virtue of being more interesting than this nonsense.
Thursday, May 12, 2005
Differences Between DC Comics of the 1950s and 1960s
DC published 3,397 comics in the 1950s and upped that to 3,579 comics in the 1960s. Despite the reasonable similarity in overall numbers, DC published dramatically different lines of comics in the 1950s versus the 1960s.
I broke the titles down into various genres: Superhero, Adventure, Science Fiction, Crime/Detective, Comedy, Western, Funny Animal, War, Horror, Teen and Romance. DC published far more Superhero books than any other genre. There were 849 Superhero books in the 1950s, or almost exactly a quarter of DC's total output. Following the Superhero revival of the late 1950s-early 1960s the Superhero genre exploded with 1,628 comics in the 1960s, over 45% of the total.
Funny Animal, which had been the second largest genre for DC in the 1950s with 533 issues, crashed all the way to 63 books in the 1960s, the lowest output of any genre for that decade. But what there was, was choice: The Fox & the Crow, a terrific series. Trivia quiz: Can you name the DC title that had one issue in the 1940s, one issue in the 1960s, and was published for the entire decade of the 1950s? Answer at end of post.
Crime/Detective was zeroed out after accounting for 172 comics in the 1950s (Gangbusters, Big Town, Mr District Attorney). Western also had a precipitous fall, from 297 issues in the 1950s to 89 in the 1960s (with most of those coming from Tomahawk).
Genres showing improvement in the 1960s included Romance (243 comics in the 1950s to 460 in the 1960s) & War (379-477). However, War titles were on the decline after 1965, dropping from 56 that year to 31 issues in 1969.
Science fiction was nominally unchanged, with 167 issues in the 1950s and 169 in the following decade. But by the end of the 1960s Mystery in Space had been cancelled and the two Sci-Fi mags published by DC were dedicated to reprints.
Comedy was also on tottering legs. The long-running DC titles in the 1960s were Jerry Lewis and Bob Hope, two film stars who had reached the end of those phases of their careers. Hope's comic was jettisoned in 1968, and Lewis would follow a few years later. Teen titles, which had never been a big part of DC's lineup as that market was dominated by Archie, declined by 50%.
Trivia Answer: Peter Porkchops' first issue was dated Nov/Dec 1949, and his last issue was Oct/Dec 1960.
I broke the titles down into various genres: Superhero, Adventure, Science Fiction, Crime/Detective, Comedy, Western, Funny Animal, War, Horror, Teen and Romance. DC published far more Superhero books than any other genre. There were 849 Superhero books in the 1950s, or almost exactly a quarter of DC's total output. Following the Superhero revival of the late 1950s-early 1960s the Superhero genre exploded with 1,628 comics in the 1960s, over 45% of the total.
Funny Animal, which had been the second largest genre for DC in the 1950s with 533 issues, crashed all the way to 63 books in the 1960s, the lowest output of any genre for that decade. But what there was, was choice: The Fox & the Crow, a terrific series. Trivia quiz: Can you name the DC title that had one issue in the 1940s, one issue in the 1960s, and was published for the entire decade of the 1950s? Answer at end of post.
Crime/Detective was zeroed out after accounting for 172 comics in the 1950s (Gangbusters, Big Town, Mr District Attorney). Western also had a precipitous fall, from 297 issues in the 1950s to 89 in the 1960s (with most of those coming from Tomahawk).
Genres showing improvement in the 1960s included Romance (243 comics in the 1950s to 460 in the 1960s) & War (379-477). However, War titles were on the decline after 1965, dropping from 56 that year to 31 issues in 1969.
Science fiction was nominally unchanged, with 167 issues in the 1950s and 169 in the following decade. But by the end of the 1960s Mystery in Space had been cancelled and the two Sci-Fi mags published by DC were dedicated to reprints.
Comedy was also on tottering legs. The long-running DC titles in the 1960s were Jerry Lewis and Bob Hope, two film stars who had reached the end of those phases of their careers. Hope's comic was jettisoned in 1968, and Lewis would follow a few years later. Teen titles, which had never been a big part of DC's lineup as that market was dominated by Archie, declined by 50%.
Trivia Answer: Peter Porkchops' first issue was dated Nov/Dec 1949, and his last issue was Oct/Dec 1960.
Tuesday, May 10, 2005
Desk Abuse at The Daily Planet
I'd sure like to be the guy selling desks to the Daily Planet; looks like Perry White's desks alone could put the kids through college.
Thursday, May 05, 2005
Classic DC Sagas of the 1960s
DC had several continuing storylines during the 1960s:
Batman versus the Outsider (Detective #328, #334, #336, #340, #349 and #356). Batman is menaced by a new foe who seems to know all his secrets.
Zatanna's Search for Her Father (Hawkman #4, Detective #336, Atom #19, Green Lantern #42, Detective #355, Justice League of America #51. Zatara, who debuted in Action #1 along with Superman, has disappeared and his daughter is trying to find him. Over the course of about 2-1/2 years Zatanna would show up in one magazine or another chasing down a clue to her dad. Finally she enlists the aid of the entire JLA.
Following the opposite path was Dr. Light (JLA #12, Atom #8, Green Lantern #33, Flash #171, possibly other stories?). He originally battled the JLA, then lowered his sights a little and decided to pick off the individual members rather than the entire group.
Batman versus the Outsider (Detective #328, #334, #336, #340, #349 and #356). Batman is menaced by a new foe who seems to know all his secrets.
Zatanna's Search for Her Father (Hawkman #4, Detective #336, Atom #19, Green Lantern #42, Detective #355, Justice League of America #51. Zatara, who debuted in Action #1 along with Superman, has disappeared and his daughter is trying to find him. Over the course of about 2-1/2 years Zatanna would show up in one magazine or another chasing down a clue to her dad. Finally she enlists the aid of the entire JLA.
Following the opposite path was Dr. Light (JLA #12, Atom #8, Green Lantern #33, Flash #171, possibly other stories?). He originally battled the JLA, then lowered his sights a little and decided to pick off the individual members rather than the entire group.
More Information Than We Needed
Here are a couple panels from a rather bizarre story in Action #289. Supergirl decides to play cupid for Superman in this story, but each time she sets Superman up with a gal, something goes wrong. Finally she confesses, and Superman lets us know where Krypton stands on cousins marrying.
Note: You can always click on a picture here to see a larger version.
Although generally a model of propriety, DC did a couple of really weird ones where you gotta wonder sometimes what they were thinking--did an artist pull one over on them? Check out the cover on this one:
We all know what kind of super-feats she has in mind. And yes, Lois, it certainly looks like Superman's excited, and covering it up with the Daily Planet.
Note: You can always click on a picture here to see a larger version.
Although generally a model of propriety, DC did a couple of really weird ones where you gotta wonder sometimes what they were thinking--did an artist pull one over on them? Check out the cover on this one:
We all know what kind of super-feats she has in mind. And yes, Lois, it certainly looks like Superman's excited, and covering it up with the Daily Planet.
Tuesday, May 03, 2005
Goofy Covers
This is one of the sillier covers out there. Note that Wonder Woman's comment does not add anything to our understanding of the story. She could almost add, "And he's going down the up escalator!"
Sunday, May 01, 2005
The Martian Manhunter Part II--Key Issues & Events
In Part I of my post on J'onn J'onzz, the Martian Manhunter, I discussed some of his early exploits and powers. In this post I'll focus in on some key Detective issues in his history.
First, obviously, is Detective #225, where MM makes his first appearance, discussed extensively in the prior post.
In Detective #246 we are given our first introduction to lovely redhead (later blonde) Diane Meade. She is a trainee police officer but also the daughter of the Police Comissioner. As a trainee she makes Detective Jones miserable, since she's always asking questions about his methods, and he can't reveal he's using his Martian powers. At the end of the case, Jones muses to himself about the sparkle he noted in Diane's eyes when she looked at him.
A pretty interesting ending to the story, eh? Remember, this is about 1957, a period when race relations were a major issue. Although J'onn is not black, he is "colored", and he certainly has some black-appearing features. I may be reading a little too much into that--sometimes a Martian is just a Martian.
In the early adventures, J'onn J'onzz mostly worked in his human identity, changing only to a Martian appearance while invisible. However, in Detective #273 he was forced to reveal his Martian identity, when a criminal from Mars kayos him with a gas that prevents him from using his Martian powers anymore while invisible. Since he must be visible to fight the Martian crook he appears in public in his Martian costume.
Note: In all probability this sudden restriction on J'onzz's powers was necessitated by his upcoming admission as a charter member of the Justice League of America. Detective #273 came out in November of 1959; the JLA's first adventure was in Brave & Bold #28, Feb-Mar 1960. Since the stories in the JLA would be focused on the characters as superheroes it was necessary for the Martian Manhunter to come out of the closet.
In Detective #275, Diane Meade finally returned. This time she was portrayed very similarly to Lois Lane, eternally suspicious about whether John Jones was secretly the Martian Manhunter. She appears in #282 as "The Girl with the Martian Powers" and in #284 as attempting "The Courtship of J'onn Jonzz". After that she becomes more or less a regular, appearing frequently, if not in every story.
In Detective #301, two significant events happened. First, Detective dropped the third feature story, expanding the size of the Martian Manhunter story from 7 pages to 12. And second, J'onn J'onzz returned to Mars for the first time. This may also have been partially caused by his exploits in the Justice League of America, which regularly traveled to distant planets; it was becoming a little hard to believe that J'onzz could not make it back to Mars with the help of his JLA buddy Superman.
A major change in the feature came with Detective #311, which introduced J'onzz's other dimensional buddy Zook. Zook had some wild powers of his own, including the ability to change his temperature from freezing cold to boiling hot, and to change his shape at will. He could also read minds with his antennae. Although able to talk he was portrayed as having the mind and affectionate nature of a small child.
As the picture above hints, Zook was something of a cloying, saccharine character. Although similar to the pets that many DC heroes had at one point or another, there was really nothing quite like him.
Detective #326, the last issue to feature the Martian Manhunter, introduced the Idol Head of Diabolu, a transparent plot device that guaranteed continuing stories. The idea was that once opened, the Idol Head would release an evil upon the world every full moon. This of course guaranteed monthly adventures for the Martian Manhunter, who would have them in a new location as the lead feature in House of Mystery, starting with that comic's issue #143. In addition, that issue saw the apparent death of John Jones, thus cutting him loose from the detective job.
First, obviously, is Detective #225, where MM makes his first appearance, discussed extensively in the prior post.
In Detective #246 we are given our first introduction to lovely redhead (later blonde) Diane Meade. She is a trainee police officer but also the daughter of the Police Comissioner. As a trainee she makes Detective Jones miserable, since she's always asking questions about his methods, and he can't reveal he's using his Martian powers. At the end of the case, Jones muses to himself about the sparkle he noted in Diane's eyes when she looked at him.
A pretty interesting ending to the story, eh? Remember, this is about 1957, a period when race relations were a major issue. Although J'onn is not black, he is "colored", and he certainly has some black-appearing features. I may be reading a little too much into that--sometimes a Martian is just a Martian.
In the early adventures, J'onn J'onzz mostly worked in his human identity, changing only to a Martian appearance while invisible. However, in Detective #273 he was forced to reveal his Martian identity, when a criminal from Mars kayos him with a gas that prevents him from using his Martian powers anymore while invisible. Since he must be visible to fight the Martian crook he appears in public in his Martian costume.
Note: In all probability this sudden restriction on J'onzz's powers was necessitated by his upcoming admission as a charter member of the Justice League of America. Detective #273 came out in November of 1959; the JLA's first adventure was in Brave & Bold #28, Feb-Mar 1960. Since the stories in the JLA would be focused on the characters as superheroes it was necessary for the Martian Manhunter to come out of the closet.
In Detective #275, Diane Meade finally returned. This time she was portrayed very similarly to Lois Lane, eternally suspicious about whether John Jones was secretly the Martian Manhunter. She appears in #282 as "The Girl with the Martian Powers" and in #284 as attempting "The Courtship of J'onn Jonzz". After that she becomes more or less a regular, appearing frequently, if not in every story.
In Detective #301, two significant events happened. First, Detective dropped the third feature story, expanding the size of the Martian Manhunter story from 7 pages to 12. And second, J'onn J'onzz returned to Mars for the first time. This may also have been partially caused by his exploits in the Justice League of America, which regularly traveled to distant planets; it was becoming a little hard to believe that J'onzz could not make it back to Mars with the help of his JLA buddy Superman.
A major change in the feature came with Detective #311, which introduced J'onzz's other dimensional buddy Zook. Zook had some wild powers of his own, including the ability to change his temperature from freezing cold to boiling hot, and to change his shape at will. He could also read minds with his antennae. Although able to talk he was portrayed as having the mind and affectionate nature of a small child.
As the picture above hints, Zook was something of a cloying, saccharine character. Although similar to the pets that many DC heroes had at one point or another, there was really nothing quite like him.
Detective #326, the last issue to feature the Martian Manhunter, introduced the Idol Head of Diabolu, a transparent plot device that guaranteed continuing stories. The idea was that once opened, the Idol Head would release an evil upon the world every full moon. This of course guaranteed monthly adventures for the Martian Manhunter, who would have them in a new location as the lead feature in House of Mystery, starting with that comic's issue #143. In addition, that issue saw the apparent death of John Jones, thus cutting him loose from the detective job.
Friday, April 29, 2005
The New-Look Batman
In 1964 DC Comics recognized that Batman needed some shaking up. During the reign of Jack Schiff at Detective (265-326) and Batman (122-163), the character had become moribund, regularly facing aliens and monsters and undergoing weird transformations. Like Superman, he had begun to acquire a "family"--Robin in 1940, Alfred in 1943, Batwoman in 1956, Bat-Mite (a magical pixie) in 1958, Bat-Girl (the first one) in 1961, and perhaps the most annoying of all, Ace, the Bat-Hound in 1955.
So after replacing Schiff as editor of the two titles with Julius Schwartz, DC eliminated almost all of the supporting cast. Robin was allowed to remain, but Batwoman, Bat-Mite, Bat-Girl and Ace were all banished to the dustbin of history, with no goodbyes or explanations. Much like discredited former Soviet leaders, they were airbrushed out of the picture. Alfred got a hero's send-off as he was crushed by a boulder while saving Batman and Robin.
There were several more major changes. First, there were no more aliens or monsters (mostly) or weird transformations. And DC continued to bring back Batman's villains from the Golden Age. In 1963 they brought back the Penguin; in 1965 the Riddler made his first appearance since 1948.
The death of Alfred in Detective #328 resulted in one addition to the Wayne household. Dick Grayson's Aunt Harriet joined the lads, reportedly added by DC in order to quash once and for all the rumors that Batman and Robin were gay (a theory originally proposed by a quack psychiatrist in Seduction of the Innocent, an early 1950s expose on the comics' sometimes seamier side). Although remembered by many comic fans as being inspired by the TV show, Aunt Harriet actually predated the debut of the ABC series. If anything, it was the show that resulted in the return of Alfred, the faithful butler, who was resurrected in Detective #356.
So after replacing Schiff as editor of the two titles with Julius Schwartz, DC eliminated almost all of the supporting cast. Robin was allowed to remain, but Batwoman, Bat-Mite, Bat-Girl and Ace were all banished to the dustbin of history, with no goodbyes or explanations. Much like discredited former Soviet leaders, they were airbrushed out of the picture. Alfred got a hero's send-off as he was crushed by a boulder while saving Batman and Robin.
There were several more major changes. First, there were no more aliens or monsters (mostly) or weird transformations. And DC continued to bring back Batman's villains from the Golden Age. In 1963 they brought back the Penguin; in 1965 the Riddler made his first appearance since 1948.
The death of Alfred in Detective #328 resulted in one addition to the Wayne household. Dick Grayson's Aunt Harriet joined the lads, reportedly added by DC in order to quash once and for all the rumors that Batman and Robin were gay (a theory originally proposed by a quack psychiatrist in Seduction of the Innocent, an early 1950s expose on the comics' sometimes seamier side). Although remembered by many comic fans as being inspired by the TV show, Aunt Harriet actually predated the debut of the ABC series. If anything, it was the show that resulted in the return of Alfred, the faithful butler, who was resurrected in Detective #356.
Wednesday, April 27, 2005
The Martian Manhunter
I got the notion this weekend to read all the Martian Manhunter stories in Detective, starting with #225, the comic some feel marks the beginning of the Silver Age. J'onn J'onzz, the Manhunter from Mars first appeared there in the story, "The Strange Experiment of Doctor Erdel!"
Doctor Erdel had been fooling with a "robot brain" (i.e., computer) and had somehow plucked a Martian from the Red planet and deposited him on earth. When the Martian demands to be sent back, the doctor explains that his machine is one way only and that it will take him time to make a sending machine. Then Erdel conveniently drops dead of a heart attack to settle matters.
J'onzz, who mercifully converts to human form and calls himself John Jones scopes out the situation on Earth. The next few panels are full of the perhaps excessive and certainly amusing belief in science that was to typify DC comics for the entire Silver Age.
Looking at a skyscraper, Jones observes: "Unlike on Mars, so many of the denizens here live in a small area that they build their structures into the skies." In Paris, he notes the "Arch of Triumph" and denounces it as, "A monument to victory in war. Mars saw its last war a thousand years ago." "Look at their ancient-wheeled vehicles! Hundreds of them, crawling along the same streets where people walk. In another century or two, this will all be changed..." And later comes this bizarre, scientofascistic comment:
It would be nice to say that future stories developed the Great Evolution concept, but in fact this was the sole mention during the long run (102 issues). And many future stories cast doubt on the notion of crime having been eradicated on Mars.
The writing and coloring were pretty haphazard in the first few stories. Although J'onzz's costume was colored in #225 pretty much standard for the character, with red belt and straps, blue cape and boots and black (not blue as later) trunks.
Regardless, the next few issues show some carelessness. In #226 he is shown in the first panel in his costume looking up at Mars in the night sky, wearing a completely green uniform. In #227 his trunks are white (indeed, they look like Fruit of the Loom). Dr Erdel in #225 becomes Dr Urdle in #228. In #232, a dog which saves the Martian Manhunter is introduced. "Jupiter" becomes his pet, and Jones remarks, "We're going to be real pals for a long time." Except that is the last time Jupiter appears.
And apparently there was a Minor Devolution following the Great Evolution, for Martian criminals popped up fairly often: in #231, #236, #273 and others.
Early on, the tendency was to expand the MM's powers to meet each new situation (more on this later). He seemed to have a lot of powers involving his eyes: X-Ray Vision, Telescopic Vision, Space Lightning Vision, Microscopic Vision, and even "Martian Angle" (See-Around-The-Corner) Vision, although I don't quite understand why somebody with X-Ray Vision would need that.
The comic was also extremely repetitious. The Martian Manhunter's principal weakness is fire. In almost every story Jones cringes as somebody lights a cigarette, pipe or cigar. I couldn't help thinking that he would have a much easier time of it in today's virtually smoking-free environment. Another area with repetition was in the use of his powers. For some reason, J'onnz like to race people by burrowing through the ground underneath them--he did this in #260, #274, #278 and elsewhere.
To Be Continued!
Doctor Erdel had been fooling with a "robot brain" (i.e., computer) and had somehow plucked a Martian from the Red planet and deposited him on earth. When the Martian demands to be sent back, the doctor explains that his machine is one way only and that it will take him time to make a sending machine. Then Erdel conveniently drops dead of a heart attack to settle matters.
J'onzz, who mercifully converts to human form and calls himself John Jones scopes out the situation on Earth. The next few panels are full of the perhaps excessive and certainly amusing belief in science that was to typify DC comics for the entire Silver Age.
Looking at a skyscraper, Jones observes: "Unlike on Mars, so many of the denizens here live in a small area that they build their structures into the skies." In Paris, he notes the "Arch of Triumph" and denounces it as, "A monument to victory in war. Mars saw its last war a thousand years ago." "Look at their ancient-wheeled vehicles! Hundreds of them, crawling along the same streets where people walk. In another century or two, this will all be changed..." And later comes this bizarre, scientofascistic comment:
It would be nice to say that future stories developed the Great Evolution concept, but in fact this was the sole mention during the long run (102 issues). And many future stories cast doubt on the notion of crime having been eradicated on Mars.
The writing and coloring were pretty haphazard in the first few stories. Although J'onzz's costume was colored in #225 pretty much standard for the character, with red belt and straps, blue cape and boots and black (not blue as later) trunks.
Regardless, the next few issues show some carelessness. In #226 he is shown in the first panel in his costume looking up at Mars in the night sky, wearing a completely green uniform. In #227 his trunks are white (indeed, they look like Fruit of the Loom). Dr Erdel in #225 becomes Dr Urdle in #228. In #232, a dog which saves the Martian Manhunter is introduced. "Jupiter" becomes his pet, and Jones remarks, "We're going to be real pals for a long time." Except that is the last time Jupiter appears.
And apparently there was a Minor Devolution following the Great Evolution, for Martian criminals popped up fairly often: in #231, #236, #273 and others.
Early on, the tendency was to expand the MM's powers to meet each new situation (more on this later). He seemed to have a lot of powers involving his eyes: X-Ray Vision, Telescopic Vision, Space Lightning Vision, Microscopic Vision, and even "Martian Angle" (See-Around-The-Corner) Vision, although I don't quite understand why somebody with X-Ray Vision would need that.
The comic was also extremely repetitious. The Martian Manhunter's principal weakness is fire. In almost every story Jones cringes as somebody lights a cigarette, pipe or cigar. I couldn't help thinking that he would have a much easier time of it in today's virtually smoking-free environment. Another area with repetition was in the use of his powers. For some reason, J'onnz like to race people by burrowing through the ground underneath them--he did this in #260, #274, #278 and elsewhere.
To Be Continued!
Tuesday, April 26, 2005
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